Dealing with Nuisance Deer in Kentucky’s Urban and Suburban Areas
Seeing a deer in the backyard is an unexpected pleasure.
Homeowners in deer country, however, quickly get over the thrill when deer begin to eat down their vegetable garden, nibble on blooming flowers and shrubs or shred the bark off trees with their antlers.
“The most common complaint I receive about deer in urban and suburban areas is the damage they do to landscaping or backyard vegetable gardens,” said Clay Smitson, a private lands wildlife biologist with the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources.
Smitson works a strip of nine north-central Kentucky counties along Interstate 75 between Lexington and the Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky metropolitan area, where deer herds have grown since the 1980s. Deer densities today are among the highest in the state.
Around Kentucky cities, deer are more visible than ever before and caught in the middle, as roadway construction, housing and business development encroach into their habitat. There are other concerns about high deer numbers, such as a spike in automobile/deer collisions and the possibility of contracting Lyme disease from tick bites.
“In Boone, Kenton and Campbell counties there’s been a large number of houses built on two- to three-acre wooded lots,” said Smitson. “In towns like Hebron and Covington, a wide riparian forest along the Ohio River puts deer right in peoples’ backyards.”
When municipalities approach the department with deer problems, all options are explained. “They can trap and relocate, use birth control, lethal control or do nothing at all,” said Tina Brunjes, deer and elk program coordinator for Kentucky Fish and Wildlife. “Hunting is the first choice. It’s a cost-effective and workable way to reduce deer numbers and gives deer a healthy respect for humans, which deer living in close proximity to homes and businesses often lose.”
The economics of most options are just not affordable or practical. “Trap and relocation costs $700 to $1,000 per animal and there are disease issues and concerns about the trauma it causes to the deer,” said Brunjes. “Birth control drugs cost $1,000 per deer, are not 100 percent effective and doses only last for two years. Hiring sharp shooters to shoot deer after hours is fast and effective, but it’s expensive, too.”
While regulated hunting is the most effective way to control deer numbers, most small towns have an ordinance against the discharge of deadly weapons, which often includes bows and arrows. In urban and suburban settings, archery hunting is the best option because of safety concerns.
One northern Kentucky community, Fort Thomas, in Campbell County, found that an urban archery program was a safe and effective way to put the brakes on their deer herd.
The Fort Thomas City Council recognized that a growing deer herd compromised public safety, posed a nuisance to homeowners and dramatically impacted small urban forests and voted on Dec. 17, 2007 to allow the discharge of arrows from bows and crossbows. This action cleared the way for deer hunting within the city limits under a strict set of guidelines. Hunting began during the winter of 2007-08.
The 2011-12 City of Fort Thomas archery program report, issued by Don Martin, city administrative officer, stated that a total of 100 deer have been reported removed since the first year of the program. The city has received only one complaint in the last four years, and no one has reported any injuries or near-injuries in conjunction with the program since its inception. ”
Fort Thomas has done a good job serving as a model for municipalities of how to approach solving a deer problem,” said Brunjes, “first by gaining citizen support for a ban on feeding deer, so deer won’t be in areas where you don’t want them to be, and then by identifying a framework for hunting that’s most comfortable for the residents, so there aren’t any conflicts.”
This included some commonsense rules and regulations such as setting limits on the hours and days when archery hunting is allowed, establishing a minimum acreage where hunting could take place, designating areas that are closed to hunting, proper location of field dressing of deer and disposal of waste, and carcass transportation through the city.
“Having the program in place for this length of time and having no safety issues is demonstrative that our restrictions are sufficient to ensure public safety,” said Martin.
Fort Thomas, which has about 6.43 square miles of land, has paid to have periodic surveys of its deer population, using aerial thermal infrared imaging. The 2011 survey counted 132 deer, a 35 percent reduction compared to the 2010 survey, resulting in a deer density estimated to be between 20 and 24 deer per square mile.
“This is a good density for deer, people and habitat,” said Brunjes. “But with so many unhunted areas around the city, and the fact that there are river corridors to the east (Ohio River) and west (Licking River), and cities nearby that don’t have feeding bans, the best that can hope to be achieved is to maintain the herd at its present level. It’s a multi-year process of reducing densities until damage is tolerable.”
The Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, an agency of the Kentucky Tourism, Arts and Heritage Cabinet, is responsible for the conservation of fish and wildlife resources and for boating projects in the state. A commissioner appointed by the Fish and Wildlife Commission heads the department. The commission, which is responsible for department policy, is a nine member bipartisan body appointed by the governor from a list of candidates voted upon by sportsmen's organizations in each of nine districts.
